Which plant causes cardiotoxicity in the miscellaneous toxicoses category?

• A. lilies (lilium)
• B. coffee senna (cassia)
• C. hoary alyssum (berteroa)
• D. black walnut (juglans)

Answer: (B)

Cardiotoxic plants damage the heart muscle or its electrical system, leading to impaired contraction, arrhythmias, or heart failure. Coffee senna is known to cause cardiac injury in livestock, with myocardial degeneration and signs of cardiac compromise such as weakness or decreased exercise tolerance, which can progress to more serious cardiac problems. The other plants are associated with toxicity to other organ systems or conditions (for example, lilies are mainly nephrotoxic to cats; black walnut is linked to laminitis in horses; hoary alyssum is not a classic cardiotoxin). So coffee senna best fits the miscellaneous toxicoses category by its cardiotoxic potential.