Which dog breed commonly shows chronic hepatic copper accumulation?

• A. Doberman Pinscher
• B. Bedlington Terrier
• C. Labrador Retriever
• D. Beagle

Answer: (B)

Chronic hepatic copper accumulation is a hereditary copper storage disease in dogs, most classically observed in Bedlington Terriers. A mutation in the gene that controls copper excretion into bile leads to impaired elimination of copper, so it builds up in hepatocytes over time. The resulting copper-driven oxidative injury causes hepatocellular damage, inflammation, and progressive fibrosis that can culminate in cirrhosis. Clinically, affected dogs may show signs of liver disease such as lethargy, poor appetite, vomiting, and jaundice, with bloodwork often revealing elevated liver enzymes. A definitive diagnosis comes from measuring hepatic copper concentration on a liver biopsy, which is typically markedly elevated in this breed. Treatment focuses on reducing hepatic copper using a copper-restricted diet and therapies that decrease copper absorption or increase its excretion, with ongoing monitoring of liver values and copper levels.